Digit span test backward interpretation serial#
In immediate serial recall, participants are presented with series of stimuli and are asked to recall them. The findings are discussed in terms of both theoretical and practical implications. These results were replicated in Experiment 5, in which the same list length was used for forward and backward recall tasks. However, in Experiment 4, it was presented during the recall phase, and the results provided evidence of a role for visual imagery in backward digit recall. In Experiment 3, DVN was presented during encoding of information to be remembered and had no effect upon performance. Experiments 3 and 4 then further investigated the role of visual processes in forward and backward recall using dynamic visual noise (DVN). Experiment 2 shifted concurrent load to the recall phase instead and, in this case, revealed a larger effect of both tasks on backward recall, relative to forwards recall, suggesting that backward recall may draw on additional resources during the recall phase and that these resources are visuospatial in nature. The concurrent tasks did not differentially disrupt performance on backward digit recall, relative to forward digit recall. In the first, participants completed visuospatial 0-back and 2-back tasks during the encoding of information to be remembered. Five experiments therefore investigated the role of executive-attentional and visuospatial resources in both forward and backward digit recall. Some researchers consider it to differ from forward digit recall due to the involvement of executive control, while others suggest that backward recall involves visuospatial resources. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 361.There is some debate surrounding the cognitive resources underlying backward digit recall. Digit span in right and left hemiplegics. Weinberg, J., Diller, L., Gerstman, L., & Schulman, L. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The Wechsler adult intelligence scale-III. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Corporation. The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (3rd ed.). The measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence (1st ed.). The measurement of intelligence: An explanation of and a complete guide for the use of the Stanford revision and extension of the Binet-Simon intelligence scale. Relation of forward and backward digit repetition to neurological impairment in children with learning disabilities. Measurements of short-term memory: A historical review. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 12, 29–40. Forward and backward memory span should not be combined for clinical analysis. Separate digits tests: A brief history, a literature review, and a reexamination of the factor structure of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL).
Digit span test backward interpretation plus#
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